현대제철 '입찰 제한' 불복 소송, 1·2심 엇갈린 이유는 '주도성'

The case demonstrates how courts can reach opposite conclusions on identical cartel conduct based on differing evidentiary standards for 'leadership.' While the lower court inferred Hyundai Steel's dominance from market position and speaking influence, the appellate court required explicit documentary evidence of coercion, raising the legal threshold for establishing antitrust leadership in South Korea's government procurement system. This precedent will reshape how cartel ringleaders are prosecuted and sanctioned going forward.