Keystore vs Truststore — How SSL Certificate Chain Actually Works (with java Examples)

The article explains the difference between Keystore (which stores a server's own private key and certificate) and Truststore (which stores trusted CA certificates used to verify remote parties). It walks through the certificate creation flow, the certificate chain structure from Root CA to Leaf Certificate, and how both stores collaborate during the TLS handshake to establish secure HTTPS connections, including mutual TLS and common SSL errors.