Java ProcessBuilder: Deadlocks, Zombies, and the 64KB Wall

The article explores how Java's ProcessBuilder API works under the hood when executing native OS commands, highlighting that once pb.start() is called, developers leave the JVM's safety and face OS-level issues like deadlocks, zombie processes, file descriptor leaks, and race conditions. It explains fundamental Linux process concepts, including the parent-child process tree rooted at systemd (PID 1), which are essential to understanding why these problems occur.