“하드웨어가 아니라 모델을 고쳐라” AI 학습비용 낮추는 아키텍처 전략 12가지

Modern AI teams often prioritize expensive hardware to solve performance problems, but architectural optimization techniques like fine-tuning, LoRA, quantization, and pruning can achieve comparable results with significantly lower infrastructure costs. This shift from hardware-first to model-first optimization is essential for achieving sustainable AI economics at scale.